A new generation of people have been raised in an environment where the fundamentals of trust
between individuals and institutions are breaking down. Despite this downward trend people seem to trust the collective opinions of others on the Internet and use this information to make personal choices in their lives. The trust factor may be eroding but it isn't too late for people to consider its what this means for business and society.
A general survey conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago and analyzed in the Washington Post offers some interesting data on whether people can be trusted (Badger, 2015). Since 1979 the idea of "You Can't be Too Careful" has move from approximately 49% to around 68% while the idea of "Most People Can be Trusted" moved from approximately 45% to approximately 30%.
People trust other people and institutions less than they did in the past. They are skeptical of the motives of others and don't believe that people act in manners that are beneficial to others. A type of selfish skepticism makes its way into the 18-24 year old population that reflects the reality of their lives and how they view the world. For them...everything is in transition.
It is hard to blame them. Considering the partisan nature of politics, scandals in the VA, the rise of identity theft, broken homes , inability to rise through the ranks, aggressive police, poor government policies and cost of living the young Generation Y is feeling what has been a natural part of the lives of Generation X. They are only recently seeing a world where recession doesn't sit over their futures like a dark cloud hampering their hopes for the future.
This doesn't mean that they don't trust anyone. They have embraced technology, Internet, and their own value systems as a default method of navigating their lives. They trust the collective response of people who use products, rate them, and leave comments. They diligently scan over forums and purchasing outlets like Amazon to determine if their next purchase will be worthwhile.
For example, a person looking for a restaurant to eat at may search online for their particular taste. They could look for spicy Thia, seafood, etc... within a 5 mile radius of their home. Furthermore, they can see the price, menu, comments, and overall ranking of the establishment. The next click on their search criteria could include a cross reference of locality and ranking.
It makes sense doesn't it? You want something to eat or buy a product so you tern to product review. You have certain criteria and search out that criteria based upon the tens, hundreds, or thousands of people who had something to say about it. If you are going to eat somewhere or buy a product then it make sense to do that to the ones that are ranked highly.
For society this means that trust in not a given and must be earned. People will rate and rank the services based upon their personal experience and this will impact how many people will use that service in the future. As people offer their collective input they will naturally be able to improve, break, or discard services. It doesn't make much difference if it is a company, product, or a government office as opinions have a way of self-confirming.
As the world globalizes the product and service evaluations could be from anywhere. The opinions and how people evaluate products/services can be from any locality in the world and will form a collective international identity. The more people act and interact with other from around the world the more likely they will share similarities of perspective. Companies will not only need to look at their products from a local perspective but also an international perspective.
Businesses and institutions will need to concern themselves with these ranking systems and make amends to service failures. There have been numerous instances of conflicts between companies and customers based upon these rankings. Ultimately, it will be the collective impression of the masses that win out. Companies will need to improve upon their offerings and create greater competitiveness in their ranks to woo over the masses.
Badger, E. (April 16, 2015). Who millennials trust, and don’t trust, is driving the new economy. Washington Post. Retrieved http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2015/04/16/who-millennials-trust-and-dont-trust-is-driving-the-new-economy/
The blog discusses current affairs and development of national economic and social health through unique idea generation. Consider the blog a type of thought experiment where ideas are generated to be pondered but should never be considered definitive as a final conclusion. It is just a pathway to understanding and one may equally reject as accept ideas as theoretical dribble. New perspectives, new opportunities, for a new generation. “The price of freedom is eternal vigilance.”—Thomas Jefferson
Showing posts with label trust. Show all posts
Showing posts with label trust. Show all posts
Friday, April 17, 2015
Tuesday, May 21, 2013
Global Team Performance Improvements through the Development of Trust
Modified from Sarker, et. al (2011) |
Business enhancement requires a
level of thinking beyond the concrete efficiencies we have enhanced through
statistical turnip twisting over the past few decades. Some have argued that
future gains from efficiency will be much harder to realize. The next era may
possibly be based on the use of virtual networks that enhance the fuzzy nature
of human performance to new levels that not only create new layers of
efficiency but also higher levels of output. Research conducted by Sarker, et.
al (2011) indicates that trust within communication networks can increase team
performance.
Trust is an important aspect of
business success and social development. People are longing for more trust as a
result of an extra emphasis on collaboration and changes in interconnectivity
of technology (McEvily, et. al., 2003). As exchanges occur in a virtual world
people are seeking higher levels of trust in their cultural exchanges. They
want to be sure that people they are communicating with have some level of
concern over their needs.
This trust is needed even more
so when people do not have a shared history, are geographically separated, do not
share a previous social context, and interact primarily through electronic
media (Jarvenpaa & Leidner, 1999). As such communication becomes more
common across the world and through multinational corporations the development
of the trust factor may lead to higher levels of performance.
The
ability of trust to impact communication and performance is not well defined.
Some believe that trust interacts with communication to enhance performance
(Dirks & Ferrin, 2001). Other researchers have put forward the argument
that it is more of an additive role alongside communication (Jarvenpaa &
Leidner, 1999). Whether trust enhances or simply adds to performance is a significant debate of performance.
If
trust enhances performance, it takes on a more useful role and can be
considered a beneficial trait that further develops performance. If trust is
more additive, it means that it is a supplemental additive to a communication
strategy but is not necessarily a performance enhancer. It is something to use
in addition to other activities but doesn’t change, influence, or enhance those
factors.
Performance
is a level of motivation and effectiveness that relies in part on other group
members. People do not act in isolation but do so in the context of other
individuals within their social networks (Wellman, et. al., 2003). They seek to
understand the implications of their behavior in relation to others. These implications
are based upon cues and the meaning of the performance in relation patterns to
others within their networks (Galaskiewicz & Wasserman, 1994). Trust is
earned by the leader but also given by others.
The
concept of trust in leadership and communication is an important one in order
to create influence. Trust can be defined as the “willingness of a party to be
vulnerable to the actions of another party, based upon the expectation that the
other will perform a particular action important to the trustor, irrespective
of the ability to monitor or control the other party” (Mayer & Davis, 1995).
The parties should feel that their
leader will be consistent in his/her patterns and promises regardless of
whether or not that leader is being watched.
A
trust that they will do what they say they will do as well as what they have
done in the past. It is a trust of the future. For example, if a leader has a
particular pattern of behavior and people follow that leader based upon their
actions they would expect that the leader will continue to do what they say
they will do. When the leader professes something different than what they are
doing the trust disappears and is slowly replaced by doubt. This doubt can lead
to lower performance of team members who may no longer believe their efforts
will be fruitful because of hijacked intentions.
Furthermore,
such team trust is influenced by the perception that members will not be
injured or be taken advantage of. Collective trust is based upon the belief
that leaders will continue with commitments, be honest during discussions, and
will avoid taking undue advantage of their members (Cummings & Bromiley,
1996). When such elements of trust are together they can influence a higher
level of team performance (Dirks & Ferrin, 2001). Such team members do not
have a problem putting forward effort if they are relatively sure of the
results of such efforts.
The
researchers Sarker et. al. (2011) sought to understand the effect of
communication and trust on performance within globally distributed teams. They used data from globally distributed teams
working on systems analysis and development projects. The teams included U.S.
with Norway and U.S. with Denmark to capture conceptual linkages between
communication, trust, and individual performance.
Results:
-There
were regional differences in performance. Scandinavians had higher performance
than U.S. members. U.S. and Norway teams had higher performance than U.S. and
Denmark teams.
-Gender
had an influence on the success of teams with males performing at a higher
level.
-Trust
had a significant impact on performance outcomes.
-Communication
centrality (importance in network) had an impact on trust centrality.
-Communication
centrality (importance in communication network) had a significant effect on performance.
-Trust
centrality (center of trust) had an impact on overall performance.
Business Analysis:
Trust
is a practical aspect of communication. It is difficult to encourage others to
complete tasks and raise themselves to higher levels of performance unless
there is a level of trust in relationships with leadership. The gaining of a
leadership position rests in the ability to put oneself in the center of
importance and information networks. Those leaders who achieve a level of power
can either enhance team performance or lower its ability based upon the level
of integrity and congruence between words and action. When people believe that
these actions and words match together they will be more motivated to complete
their work tasks with the knowledge that they are not being taken advantage of
and their work is moving in the right direction. The study did not indicate
this concept but the cultural factors that allow people to share a level of
similarity in perception may influence performance. If the leaders and
followers are unable to understand each others perspective that trust will be
more difficult to gain and would require more communication, blending of
networks, and congruence between action and words. To change patterns means to
change perception.
Cummings, L. & Bromiley, P.
(1996). The organizational trust inventory (OTI): Development and validation. In
R. Kramer and T. Tyler (eds.), Trust in Organizations. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage
Dirks,
K. & Ferrin, D. (2001). The role of trust in organizational settings. Organizational Science, 12 (4).
Galaskiewicz, J., &
Wasserman, S. (1994). Introduction
advances in the social and behavioral
sciences from social network
analysis. In S. Wasserman and J. Galaskiewicz (eds.), Advances in
Social Network Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jarvenpass,
S. & Leidner, D. (1999). Communication and trust in global virtual teams.
Organizational Science, 10 (6).
Mayer, R., Davis, J., and Schoorman, D. (1995) An
integrative model of organizational trust.
Academy of Management Review, 2, (3)
McEvily, B., Perrone, V. & Zaheer, A.
(2003). Introduction to special issue on trust in an organizational context, Organizational Science, 14 (1).
Wellman, B, et. al. (2003). The
social affordances of the Internet for networked individualism. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 8 ( 3).
Sarker,
S., Ahuja, M. Sarker, S. & Kirkeby, S. (2011). The Role of Communication
and Trust in Global
Virtual Teams: A Social Network Perspective. Journal of Management
Information Systems, 28 (1).
Monday, January 28, 2013
Leadership Communication Abilities Leads to Trust and Performance
Communication between employee
and employers can have a compelling impact on the nature of business and the
overall success of employee trust. Through these positive relationships between
managers and employees higher levels of shared interest and commitment to
organizational principles can be formed. The development of such benefits rests
in how managers communicate their expectations and the openness of the employee
to hearing those messages.
Managerial communication can take
the form of downward, horizontal, or upward momentum through both formal and
informal communication methods (Bell and Martin, 2008). The openness to share
ideas, needs, and values allows for a stronger depth of mutual experiences. It
is through these relationships and shared experiences that organizations can
develop higher levels of positive affectivity toward the business imperatives.
Such concepts are set in the
underlining premises of the employee and management group understandings. Communication is the lifeblood of employee
and organizational performance. According to Katz and Kahn (1966) it is
communication that is fundamental to the forming of any group, organization, or
society. A group is based upon the trust of shared understandings that define
collective action and its benefits to the organization.
Before effective communication
can be developed it should be understood that the authority to communicate does
not necessarily rely in the person doing the talking. According to Barnard
(1968) the authority of the communication doesn’t lay in with the person of
authority but with the person who is being addressed. People make the fundamental choice to give or
take the authority away from their manager (Drucker, 1974). Testy labor issues
are often a result of internal noise that blocks alternative and positive
messages of managers.
It is the personal management style
of the person in authority that can help limit the distracting aspects of this
internal noise and variance of perspective. The success or failure of
transferring attitudes and values is a byproduct of the leadership style that
seeks the ability to foster the change (Appelbaum, Berke, Taylor & Vazquez,
2008). Such leaders are seen as positive, humanistic, empathetic, and have a
wider range of concern beyond oneself. It is through this genuine positive
approach that employee begin to see the managers issues, concerns, and messages
as worth listening to, interpreting, and implementing.
The advantages of creating trust
through positive communication approaches cannot be underestimated. The loyalty
that can be fostered through open communication has been known to increase
productivity across an organization by 11% (Mayfield, 2002). This financial
incentive should prompt organizational leaders to consider the positive benefits
of training their management team in developing positive relationships that
further strengthen underlining premises of positive group behavior that leads
to higher overall performance.
Appelbaum, S., Berke, J., Taylor,
J., & Vazquez, A. (2008). The role of leadership during large scale
organizational transitions: Lessons from six empirical studies. Journal of
American Academy of Business, 13(1), 16-24.
Barnard, C. (1968). The
functions of the executive. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University
Press.
Bell, R. & Martin, J. (2008).
The promise of managerial communication as a field of research. International
Journal of Business and Public Administration, 5(2), 125-142.
Drucker, P. (1974). Management:
Tasks, responsibilities and practices. New York: Harper & Row,
Publishers.
Katz, D. & Kahn, R. (1966). The
social psychology of organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Mayfield, J., & Mayfield, M.
(2002). Leader Communication Strategies Critical Paths to Improving Employee Commitment.
American Business Review, 20(2), 89-93.
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