Within the book you will find information on research theory
and practice and the main research methods. The book will provide some
information on the basics and then move into ethics, structure, literature, data,
analysis of secondary data, quantitative and qualitative methods, and writing
the following proposal. It is a strong book for those who desire to understand
a basic overview before moving into specifics.
The scientific method is considered the hypothetico-deductive
reasoning method that is a process of:
-identification or clarification of a problem.
-developing a hypothesis or testable theory inductively from
the observations
-charting their implications by deduction
-Practical or theoretical testing of the hypothesis
-rejecting or refining it in the light of the results.
The overall processes are one where a problem is defined and
then explored to determine a theory. That theory is then tested to ensure that
it consistently explains the problem. Over time validity is gained through
multiple observations from multiple people. The end result is that the overall
theory has been viewed by a number of people over a number of different lenses
and becomes the winning theory over the alternatives.
The scientific method also has a number of underlining
assumptions:
-Order: The universe is an ordered system that can be
investigated.
-External Reality: We all share a similar sense of physical reality
that can be tested. This may not apply to subjective reality.
-Reliability: We use
our senses and reasoning to reliably determine facts.
-Parsimony: The simpler the explanation...the better.
-Generality: Rules found can be applied to similar
situations regardless of time and space.
All science deals with the concept of order vs. chaos, the
nature of reality, sensing and reasoning, explanation, and time and space. The
book doesn’t go deeply into this concept but if you think back to the original philosophers of this world modern scientific thought is based upon their
philosophical understandings. It is the nature of scientists to discuss
reality, causation, time-space, and philosophy to create mental lenses by which
they see the world and empirically test its validity.
Walliman, N. (2011). Research
Methods The Basics. Routledge; NY. ISBN: 978-0-415-48991-1
